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What does information technology mean?
Information and communications technology (TI) is a term that refers to the use of technology to collect, store, process, and transmit information in various forms via the Internet. This technology includes hardware, software, and networks that facilitate communication and information exchange between individuals and organizations. The main goal of ICT is to improve the flow of information, enhance communication, and enable rapid access to information needed by individuals and organizations.
It should be noted that information technology is divided into two important parts: (hardware) and (software), and among the important parts in this field are. Technology Support Technician, Knowledge Base Technology, Desktop Support Technician, Cloud Support Technician, and many more important terms that represent the essence of IT.
Information technology features
Information technology offers many advantages that have made our lives more luxurious and our work easier and better. When we talk about information technology, we do not ignore the role of programming in the development of this field.
- Improving communication: It is now easier to transfer information and data faster and more efficiently, thus saving time and money. This is thanks to the application of techniques in a large number of areas of information and communications technology.
- The spread of globalization: ICT has contributed to the creation of a single interconnected system, allowing for easy communication between individuals and companies. Which reduces travel and accommodation costs to attend a meeting or conference. The world has become a small village thanks to these modern technologies and the proximity of cultures and nations to each other.
- Reducing cost: The use of ICT has helped facilitate business procedures and structure the company effectively. When talking about cost, the cost of sending an email is of course free, compared to the cost of making a single phone call, although it will have the same result and effect, but at a lower cost.
- Greater access opportunities: By applying ICT technologies in institutions and companies now, communication can be automated, making it easier for customers to access the company’s website or through e-mail 7 days a week and at any time.
- Providing new job opportunities: ICT has opened up many new and exciting job opportunities, with courses to learn and training to master. As is the case in many companies, which in turn provide many types of courses related to cybersecurity and other information and communications technology.
- Development of education: The use of computers, their various programs, and communication via the Internet has facilitated the spread of culture among people, in modern ways that did not exist previously.
- Advanced explanation systems: Advanced explanation methods are now available to teachers thanks to the use of information and communication technology technologies, which have enabled them to explain complex lessons and simplify them to students and ensure their understanding by offering them many applications for these lessons.
What are the components of information technology?
Good infrastructure can provide effective tools and can have the ability to influence and change the level of development, as well as the possibility of creating new patterns of information technology applications based on primary infrastructure, such as e-learning, e-commerce, e-government, digital libraries, and national information systems.
Physical components.
- The physical components include the equipment used to enter information, store it, transmit it, circulate it, retrieve it, receive it, and broadcast it to the beneficiaries. It also includes the calculator and the devices connected to it, which include several things, including the central processing unit (CPU), the main board, the screen, and others. They are called the physical components, and their speed is a wide area of technological development. Scientists and engineers in computer and communications companies are a primary source of these tremendous developments.
- Computers today have six main components: the central processing unit (CPU), the primary storage unit, the secondary storage unit, input technologies, Output Technology, and Communications Technology.
Intangible components.
1. System Software: It is a group of programs that manage operations in a computer, including input devices, output devices, and secondary storage devices. They include.
- Operating Systems.
- Language Translation Programs.
- Utility Programs.
- Database Management System.
2. Application software: These are generalizations that direct the computer system to perform specific activities to process information of benefit to the user, and include application software, electronic spreadsheets, data management software, desktop publishing software, display graphics software, multimedia software, and communications software.
3. Databases: They are a logical organization of groups of interconnected files, where the data is integrated and linked by certain relationships, making it easier to find information to achieve the desired goals. The data is arranged and stored in a typical manner in which data duplication is avoided. O'Brien has identified six types of databases as follows.
4. Communication networks: Communication is the means most used to send and receive data and information, as it consists of a group of stations located in different locations linked together by means that allow beneficiaries, such as the process of sending and receiving. Companies and organizations must use the types of networks that are most appropriate for their work (the Internet, the Extranet) so that their employees can continually acquire information technology skills and improve their performance.
5. Human Resources: It includes individuals who will manage and operate information technology, whether they are administrators or specialists, as the importance of the human element that uses information technology exceeds the importance of the material supplies, as most cases of failure and success in applying information technology are attributed to the human element. Therefore, individuals are an important element in operating information systems, and they can be divided into two types.
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